Agroforestry systems play an important role in providing our foods, fruits, vegetables and fuel. They enhance ecosystems’ resilience to natural disturbances like hurricanes, which are projected to increase in frequency and severity due to climate change. This literature review investigates two of the primary frameworks used to check resilience in agroforestry systems: the trait-based approach focusing on plant characteristics, and the social-ecological framework that covers the social variables. We synthesize research on plant traits identified as key to resilience (such as wood density, species type, and diameter at breast height), and social variables that contribute to the ability to adapt in the face of disturbances (such as community involvement, land tenure, seed banking techniques and traditional knowledge), using studies from different regions including the United States and its territories, Mexico, and Fiji. While there has been significant progress in understanding the ecological and social aspects of resilience, there are gaps in integrating both, that is, how these combined variables interact to enhance overall resilience. Therefore, we explore current trends in both the trait-based and social-ecological frameworks and identify areas that require further research. We also address the state of insects and broader ecosystem recovery following hurricanes, an underexplored aspect of agroforestry resilience. This review identifies key research gaps and suggests future directions that could integrate both social and ecological perspectives to improve agroforestry resilience to hurricanes.

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